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I. Preparatory Work Before Operation

1. Equipment Inspection

First, inspect the appearance of the CNC bending machine, checking for any obvious damage to its components, such as cracks in the machine bed or broken bending dies. Check the protective devices for integrity, including safety light curtains and guardrails. Safety light curtains detect whether the operator's limbs have entered the danger zone, while guardrails prevent accidental contact with moving parts of the machine.

Inspect the electrical system, checking for damaged wires and ensuring plugs are securely inserted. Also check that all buttons and indicator lights on the control panel are functioning properly, such as the power indicator and emergency stop button. Simultaneously, confirm that the CNC system screen displays and operates correctly, and check that the parameters in the CNC system are correct, such as the travel parameters of the coordinate axes.

Inspect the hydraulic system, checking that the hydraulic oil level is within the normal range. Insufficient hydraulic oil may lead to insufficient bending pressure or unstable machine operation. 1. Check the hydraulic lines for leaks. If oil stains are found around the lines, address them immediately, as hydraulic oil leaks can not only affect machine performance but also potentially cause safety accidents.

2. Check the lubrication system to ensure all lubrication points have sufficient lubricating oil.

 Good lubrication reduces wear between machine parts and extends the machine's lifespan. For example, moving parts such as the slider guide of the bending machine require regular lubrication.

3. Tool and Material Preparation

Select the appropriate bending die according to the bending requirements. Die selection should consider factors such as the workpiece's material, thickness, and bending angle. For example, thicker steel plates require higher strength dies; different bending angles require dies with corresponding angles.

Prepare the material to be processed. The material surface should be flat, without obvious scratches or deformation. Cut the material according to the processing plan, ensuring the material dimensions meet requirements. Prepare measuring tools, such as calipers and angle gauges, for measuring the workpiece during processing.

Wear appropriate personal protective equipment, including a safety helmet, protective gloves, and goggles. Safety helmets prevent accidental head injuries, protective gloves protect hands from sharp edges and cuts, and safety goggles prevent metal shavings from entering the eyes during bending.

II. Key Points in the Operation Process

1. Program Input and Parameter Setting

According to the bending requirements of the workpiece, input the machining program into the CNC system. This can be done manually or by importing a program generated by CAD/CAM software. When programming, accurately set parameters such as bending sequence, bending angle, and bending length. For example, if machining a box with multiple bending edges, the bending operations for each edge need to be set in the correct order.

Set the bending speed. The bending speed should be determined based on the material's properties and thickness. Generally, thicker materials require a slower bending speed to avoid damaging the mold or degrading the workpiece's surface quality. Simultaneously, set an appropriate bending pressure. Insufficient pressure may lead to inaccurate bending angles, while excessive pressure may damage the mold and the workpiece.

2. Workpiece Positioning and Clamping

Place the workpiece to be processed on the bending machine's worktable and accurately position it using a positioning device (such as a positioning pin or stop). Positioning accuracy is crucial for ensuring the workpiece's dimensional accuracy. For example, for batch production, precise positioning ensures that each workpiece has the same bending position.

Use a suitable clamping method to clamp the workpiece onto the worktable. The clamping force should be moderate, ensuring the workpiece does not move during bending but not deforming due to excessive force. Some CNC bending machines are equipped with automatic clamping devices, allowing control of the clamping force via the CNC system.

3. Bending Operation and Monitoring

Before starting the bending operation, reconfirm the program parameters, workpiece positioning, and clamping status. After starting the bending machine, closely observe its operation, including the movement of the slide block and the contact between the die and the workpiece. If any abnormalities are detected, such as unusual noises from the machine or uneven slide movement, stop operation immediately.

During the bending process, the CNC system's monitoring function allows for real-time monitoring of changes in parameters such as bending angle and bending pressure. Some high-end CNC bending machines are also equipped with online detection devices that automatically check whether the dimensions and angles of the bent workpiece meet requirements. If a deviation in the bending angle is detected, parameters can be adjusted promptly for correction.

III. Post-Operation Key Points

1. Workpiece Quality Inspection

 After the bending operation is completed, use measuring tools to check the dimensions and angles of the workpiece. For workpieces that do not meet requirements, analyze the reasons, such as incorrect program parameter settings, die wear, or material issues. If a small number of workpieces do not meet requirements, manual correction can be performed; if it is a batch problem, the processing technology needs to be adjusted.

Check the surface quality of the workpiece for scratches, indentations, or deformation. Surface quality is crucial for workpieces with high appearance requirements, such as appliance casings.

2. Equipment Cleaning and Maintenance

 Clean metal shavings and oil stains from the worktable. Metal shavings can be brushed away, and oil stains can be wiped with a clean cloth. Simultaneously, clean the bending dies, removing any adhering substances from their surfaces and checking for wear. If the dies are severely worn, they need to be replaced or repaired promptly to ensure the quality of the next processing operation.

Return all components of the equipment to their proper positions, such as returning the slide to its initial position and loosening the clamping devices. Perform routine maintenance on the CNC bending machine, such as checking the hydraulic oil and lubricating oil levels and replenishing any insufficient fluids; checking the electrical system and mechanical components for any abnormalities; and maintaining a record of equipment operation, noting the processing status, problems encountered, and maintenance measures, for future reference and analysis.